【do和does的用法】在英语语法中,“do”和“does”是两个非常常用的助动词,主要用于构成一般现在时的疑问句、否定句以及强调句。它们的使用取决于主语的人称和数。以下是对“do”和“does”用法的详细总结。
一、基本用法总结
主语 | 助动词 | 例句 |
I / You / We / They | do | I do my homework every day. |
He / She / It | does | She does her work carefully. |
- do 用于第一人称(I)、第二人称(you)、复数(we, they)。
- does 用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)。
二、疑问句结构
当使用“do”或“does”构成疑问句时,通常将“do/does”放在主语之前。
- 肯定句: He plays football.
- 疑问句: Does he play football?
- 肯定句: They like apples.
- 疑问句: Do they like apples?
三、否定句结构
在否定句中,需要在“do/does”后面加上“not”。
- 肯定句: She eats breakfast.
- 否定句: She does not eat breakfast.(She doesn't eat breakfast.)
- 肯定句: We go to school.
- 否定句: We do not go to school.(We don't go to school.)
四、强调句结构
“do”或“does”也可以用来加强语气,表达强调。
- He does know the answer.(他确实知道答案。)
- They do work hard.(他们确实很努力。)
注意:这种用法多用于口语中,书面语中较少使用。
五、常见错误提醒
1. 混淆主语与助动词:
❌ He do like ice cream.
✅ He does like ice cream.
2. 忘记加“not”:
❌ She does go to the park.
✅ She does not go to the park.
3. 错误使用“do”在第三人称单数:
❌ She do study English.
✅ She does study English.
六、总结表格
项目 | 内容 |
用途 | 构成疑问句、否定句、强调句 |
do | 用于 I / you / we / they |
does | 用于 he / she / it |
疑问句结构 | Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 |
否定句结构 | do/does + not + 动词原形 |
强调句 | do/does + 动词原形(口语中) |
通过正确使用“do”和“does”,可以更自然地表达英语中的各种句子结构。掌握它们的规则不仅能提升语法准确性,还能增强语言表达的清晰度。